Question of the day: Three steps before prayer
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📌Question: Why is it customary to take three steps back and then forward before praying to Amid?❗Answer: In the Babylonian Talmud¹ and in the Book of Zohar ² it is said that after the end of the prayer, a person passes from the sphere of holiness to the everyday world. This transition is associated with the number three, as it has been with the Jews for a long time. For example, when the Jews flinched while receiving the Torah, they stepped back three steps. When Moshe entered the Almighty, he passed three barriers — “darkness, cloud, and gloom.”³ When the koenas completed the permanent sacrifice, they also retreated three steps back.Our sages explained the reason why it is still customary to take these three steps before the beginning of the Amid prayer. When a person seeks to approach G-d, he takes a step back, showing that on the one hand he does not deserve such intimacy, and on the other hand, only thanks to the Creator's great mercy he gets the right to turn to Him with prayer.Therefore, in front of Amida (which is the most important part of prayer), it is customary to take three steps back, and then turn and take three steps forward (then bring your legs together). The same is done after the end of the prayer, only in reverse order. And whoever does not take these three steps at the end, it is as if he did not pray.At the end of the prayer, it is customary to bow slightly and in this position take three steps back⁸, similar to how one departs from the king⁹. The first step back is started with the left foot, which shows how difficult it is for us to move away from the Almighty. Then, taking three steps back and bowing the head, they say goodbye to the spiritual presence. This is done as follows: at the words "Establishes peace in His heights" they bow their heads to the left (this is the right side of the Shchina opposite the prayer table). At the words "May he send peace to us" - tilt the head to the right (left side of Shchina). After completing the phrase, they once again bow their heads forward, like a slave before his master, and say "Let there be will... that the Temple be rebuilt"¹⁰.According to the custom of Chabad ¹¹: “He makes peace in His heights” — leaning to the left, “He” — leaning forward, “Let him send peace to us” — leaning to the right, “and to all Israel. And let's say: Amen!" — leaning forward.The one who completed Amid and took three steps back should stand motionless, feet together. If you immediately return to the place, it looks as if the person has not really retreated, has not said goodbye to his King. It is allowed to return after the time required for the passage of four elbows (approximately two meters). If the synagogue is very close, it is allowed to return immediately. It is advisable to wait for the chazan to start "Kdusha", and then turn forward¹².Notes:Treatise "Yoma" 53b.Tikuney Zohar 26:1."Dvarim" 4:11.Our prayer is related to the tamid sacrifice.Rebbe's custom in Shacharit: the chazan takes three steps backward, starting with the left foot, and then three forward with the right foot (“Maase Melech” 3:60–61) when he says “Praise God…”.In Minchah and Maarah, the first step is backward from the left foot, the latter is also left, but without the articulation of the legs; the return is from the right ("Maase Melech" 7:9).Like the angels: “Their feet are a straight leg” (Ehezkel 1:7)."Yoma" 53b; "Shulchan Aruch" Alter Rebbe 123:1.If a person prays from behind closer than two meters — you can not retreat to its completion ("Shulchan Aruch" Alter Rebe 102:5, etc.).The step should be such that the thumb of one foot is opposite the fiveof the other. The smaller step does not count ("Shulhan Arukh" Alter Rebbe 123:6; "Ktsot ha-shulhan" 20:24)."Shulchan Aruch" Alter Rebbe 123:1.Sefer HaMingagim, p. 12; Maase Melech 3:73.Rambam, The Laws of Prayer 9:4; Shulchan Aruch Alter Rebbe 123:3.Rabbi Baruch Hubnicki