📌29 tamuz 4865 (July 13, 1105) — yorzait (the anniversary of the departure from this world) of the most prominent commentator of the Torah — Rabbi Shlomo Itzhaki (Rashi).Rashi ("Rabbeinu Shlomo Yitzhaki" — "Our teacher Shlomo, son of Yitzhak") was born in the town of Troyes in 1040 in a respected Jewish family, which traced its ancestry through the sages of the Talmud to Rabbi Yohanan Sandlar and Hillel the Elder to King David. His first teacher was his father, Rabbi Yitzhak, and then the young man moved to Worms and Mainz, where he studied under the guidance of famous sages Rabbi Jacob ben Yakar and Isaac ben Yehuda.At the age of 25, already a well-known Jewish scholar, Rashi returned to his native Troyes, where he spent his whole life. Here he founded a yeshiva, which became the main one in Northern France and Germany.Throughout the Jewish world, students and teachers alike regard his commentaries on the Torah, the Prophets, and the Talmud as the most important aids to understanding these texts. Moreover, numerous works by later commentators are based on Rashi's commentaries. The Rebbe in his Sichot Rashi series (Conversations on Rashi's Commentaries) repeatedly demonstrated how simple, at first glance, the understanding of the text by the great commentator actually includes many levels of interpretation and often helps to solve difficulties that arise in the text, and with the help of simple words taken from the midrash, offers new interpretations of what is read. It is interesting that although Rashi held the position of rabbi of Troyes, he earned his living by winemaking, and accordingly wrote all these impressive texts in his spare time.Rasha had no sons, but his daughters had unusual knowledge of the Talmud for women, and one of them even helped her father in compiling comments. The husbands of Rashi's three daughters were prominent Talmudists, and the most famous of the grandchildren were Rabbi Shmuel ben Meir (Rashbam) and Rabbi Jacob ben Meir Tam.The last years of the life of Rabbi Shlomo Itzhaki fell on the period of the First Crusade, when many of his relatives and friends died.source: chabad.odessa

📌1 Av 1657 (2104 BC) — the waters of the Flood began to recede.On this day, the first islands of land appeared in the previously endless ocean. The tops of the mountains, which had previously been hidden by a layer of water of 15 amot (11 meters), rose above the water, and this was the final confirmation of the end of the Flood.📌1 Av 2487 (1273 BC) — yorzayt (anniversary of the departure from this world) of the high priest Aaron, brother of Moshe-Rabein and the prophetess Miriam.Aaron, the first kohen ha-gadol (high priest) of the Temple and a great peacemaker, left this world at the age of 123. His yorzite is described in the Torah, and this is the only mention of this kind in this book.The great Kabbalist Arizal (Rabbi Yitzchak Luria Ashkenazi) said that in a previous life Agaron was Aran, the brother of Abraham. In later times, his soul returned in the body of the prophet Jaavez (aka Judge Othniel ben Kenaz), the judge and prophet Tola ben Puah, the prophet Shmuel, Abijah, the son of King Jeroboam, the high priest Uriah, who was killed by King Jehoiakim (as retribution for the fact that Ajaron managed to avoid death during the manufacture of the Golden Calf), and in the prophet Zechariah. The soul of Hagaron's wife, Elisheva, was later embodied in the soul of Bathsheba, the wife of King David and the mother of King Shlomo.Aaron's descendants are coen (bearers of the surnames Katz, Kogan, Kaganov, Kohen, Rapoport, etc.) — the only ones who had the right to make sacrifices in the Temple.📌1 Av 2516 (1244 BC) — yorzayt (anniversary of the departure from this world) of the high priest Elazar ben Aaron, the nephew of Moshe-Rabein and the prophetess Miriam.Elazar was the third of the four sons of the high priest Aaron. Aaron's two eldest sons, Nadav and Aviu, died, and after his father's departure from this world, Elazar himself became a high priest. Elazar's wife was the daughter of Putiel, one of the leaders of Joseph's tribe. And the son of Elazar is the same Pinchas, who is referred to in the eponymous section of the weekly Torah.Our sages say that the first of the books of the Prophets, the book of Joshua, was started by Joshua bin Nun himself, but completed and edited by Elazar and Pinchas.

2 Av 5689(August 2, 1929) — visit of the sixth Lubavitcher Rabbi, Rabbi Yosef-Yitzchak (Rabbi Rajac), to the Holy Land.During the trip, Rabbi Rayatz, along with Rabbi Shmuel Guraryeh, the husband of his eldest daughter, spent two weeks in Eretz Yisrael, visiting Jerusalem, Afula, Tiberias, Safed, Meron, Hebron, Tel Aviv, Bnei Brak, and Petah Tikva.During his visit to Hebron, Rebbe Rayatz naturally wanted to visit the Cave of Machpelah, the burial place of our forefathers and foremothers. In those years, Jews and Christians, as "infidels", were forbidden to enter the mosque, located just above the inner cave with the tombs of the patriarchs (Makhpela itself is a cave, but inside it there is another cave, hence the name "double"). However, the Hebron Jews managed to obtain the right for the Rebbe and his entourage to visit the mosque, and Rebbe Rayatz was even allowed to pass through the entrance, which was called "Yaakov's Gate" (in those years, Jews were strictly forbidden to pass through it).All this became possible thanks to the organizer of the visit — Rabbi Eliezer-Dan Slonim, who was then the head of the bank in Hebron.source: chabad.odessa

📅 29 Tammuz 5786Iom-yom"A note written by the hand of Tsemakh Tzedek was found, reading as follows:“I made the decision to study the open part of the Torah every night for six hours standing.”And, thank God, he fulfilled his decision and thoroughly studied all the Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmud, as well as all four parts of the codeShulchan Aruch.»Source:Lubavitcher calendar(https://t.me/+8KbDy9dQVqAxZWE8)

Thus began the most difficult month for the entire Jewish people — Av.At this time, in different years, very difficult and even terrible events took place in the history of our people. But everything has its own content and its own spiritual task.From 1 to 10 av inclusive, we are in the days of mourning for our Jerusalem Holy Temple — both the First and the Second, which were destroyed on these days, albeit in different years.For us, these are not just days of mourning. This is a period when every Jew feels the loss of the integrity of the world. All catastrophes began with spiritual ruin. That is why these days we learn to see not only the consequences, but also the causes.Briefly about prohibitions:Haircut & ShaveWash clothes and buy new clothesEat meat and drink wine (except Shabbat)Swimming for pleasure (hygiene procedures allowed)Listen to musicMake repairs, construction, paintingHave fun, celebrate, organize a weddingWhat is desirable to do:Avoid risk: if possible, postpone courts, operations and long-distance tripsTo study topics related to the Temple, in particular the treatise Mishna TaanitAdd to personal prayer the request for Geula - the final liberation and rebuilding of the Third TempleTeaching children to feel a connection with the Almighty not only through joyful holidays, but also through thememory of lossThe main idea of these days is not only grief and mourning, but also the memory of mistakes in order to never allow anything like this in the future.Whether we become the last generation of exile or the first generation of Reconstruction depends largely on each of us.

The month of Av, which in Jewish tradition is calledMenachem Av, occupies a special place in the calendar. If we count down from the Exodus from Egypt, as the Torah tells us, it is the fifth month of the year. It miraculously combines the most diverse experiences of the Jewish soul — from deep sorrow to the greatest hope and joy.The first half of the month is full of laws of mourning, because it is at this time that we remember the destruction of the two Temples in Jerusalem. However, the second half of the month completely changes its mood and becomes a period of joy that leads us to the holiday15 ava (Tu be Av)— one of the most joyful days of the Jewish calendar.📂 The mystery of the name of the moon and its constellationConstellationof this month —Leo.While the Jewish people stand above the influence of the stars, we use these signs to reveal holiness in the material world.TitleMenachem Avtranslated as"The Comforter Father"In difficult days, we ask the Creator to comfort us after all the trials that have befallen our people.The Cabal Explains the Difference Between ConceptsFather andMother, helping to better understand the structure of the human soul.ImageMotherassociated with consolation. The mother comforts the child, helping to survive the pain, although the event itself has already taken place and it can not be changed.ImageFather, on the contrary, it symbolizes absolute mercy. This is such a great spiritual force that it can not only alleviate pain, but also correct the situation from the very root, turning even the most difficult events into a source of light.📈 Spiritual upliftment step by stepThe spiritual path of a person during this month is built gradually — from lower to higher.At the beginning of the month, we are faced with sadness and a sense of loss. Then we find strength to comfort, comprehend, and strengthen faith. And in the end, we rise to the highest level of mercy, when even the difficulties of the past turn into good.TitleMenachem Avwill remain relevant in the future when the Messiah comes. It is then that the great light of Divine Wisdom is combined with Understanding, allowing the material world to accept this revelation.📚 Tradition of daily Torah studyThe Talmud says that with the onset of the month of Av, it is necessary to reduce joy. Sages explain these words more deeply: we should reduce not joy, butsadness this month, filling it with the right, permitted, and holy joy.To support the Jewish people in this difficult time, the Lubavitcher Rebbe introduced a special custom:daily, from 1 to 15 ava, to hold Siyum— the solemn completion of the study of one of the treatises of the Talmud.The joy of completing the study of the Torah is a commandment and is fully permitted even in the days of mourning. Such gatherings strengthen the spirit and become another step on the way to rebuilding the Temple.👥 How to hold such meetings correctlyThe Lubavitcher Rebbe very much asked that as many people as possible take part in these meetings — men, women and children.The main rule is that the explanation of the Torah should be simple, accessible and understandable for everyone, even for a person who accidentally joined the meeting.Today, such events are often broadcast online. They are accompanied by calls to do good deeds, give tzedakah and strengthen love for one's neighbor.🏛 Why the Tamid treatise?The Talmud treatise is especially suitable for holding SiyumsTamid. It is short and relatively simple, so it can be completed over and over again during these days.In addition, this treatise is devoted to the service in the Holy Temple. Studying it during the period of mourning for the Temple, we not only gain knowledge, but also spiritually bring its restoration, rebuilding it first of all in our own hearts.📖Source:Lubavitcher calendar.

Iom-yomThe virtue of the Messiah is that he will have the highest humility. Despite the fact that he will reach the greatest spiritual height and study the Torah together with the forefathers and Moshe (our teacher, peace be upon him), he will still be in perfect modesty and self-denial to teach even the simplest people.📖Source:Lubavitcher calendar.

Today 2 Menachem Ava 5786📌5689 (1929)“Rebbe Raiats arrived on a week-long visit to Eretz Yisrael.📌5733 (1973)— the revival of the Chabad community in Safed began with the arrival of the Rebbe's envoy, Rabbi Aryeh Leib Kaplan.Iom-yom"Instruction for everyone: start applying tefillin two months before the bar mitzvah. First without a blessing, and a few weeks later with a blessing.”Source: Lubavitcher calendar.

In the summer of 1929, an amazing event occurred. The sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe — Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneerson (Rebbe Rajac) — arrived in Eretz Israel. This was the first time in history that Rebbe Chabad personally visited the Holy Land. His arrival was a great feast for all local Jews.❓Why did the Rebbe decide to travel?The Soviet authorities forced the Rebbe to leave the USSR, after which he settled in Latvia. The Rebbe greatly missed the prayers at the graves of his great ancestors — the previous Chabad leaders who remained in Russia. Since he could no longer pray there, the Rebbe decided to go to the Holy Land to pray in the holy places.Famous rabbis of that time — Rabbi Abraham Yitzhak Cook and Rabbi Joseph Chaim Sonnenfeld — helped to obtain the necessary documents for the trip.🚂The Road to the Holy LandFrom Riga, the Rebbe traveled by train through Germany and Austria, and in Italy he boarded a ship. First, he arrived in Egypt, and from there he reached the Holy Land by train.🏰In JerusalemA solemn meeting was held at the Rebbe station, after which he immediately went to Jerusalem.On the first day, the Rebbe visited the Western Wall. Later, he wrote in his diary that in those hours he forgot about all the difficulties and felt the happiest person.In Jerusalem, the Rebbe met with the great sages of the Torah. Chief Rabbi Eretz Yisrael, Rabbi Abraham Yitzhak Kook, was so pleased to see the Rebbe that he even said a blessing to “Shehean”.🏔️Journey to the NorthThe Rebbe went north to Eretz Israel to pray in the holy places of Galilee. In Safed, he prayed at the grave of the great Arizal. The Rebbe said that at that moment he completely forgot about everyday worries.In Meron, deep into the night, he prayed at the grave of the author of The Zohar, Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai. In Tiberias, the Rebbe visited the graves of the great sage Rambam and the first Hasidic teachers.🚪Special visit to HebronIn those years, the Muslim authorities did not allow Jews to enter the Cave of the Forefathers — Mearat ha-Mahpela. However, an exception was made for the Rebbe. In this he was helped by a local Jewish banker who had good connections.The Arab supervisors met the Rebbe at the entrance and gave him special leather soles so that he could keep his shoes on. Thus, the Rebbe was able to enter and pray at the tombs of the forefathers Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.🌊Meeting thousands of people in Tel AvivIn Tel Aviv, an extremely solemn meeting was expected on the Rebbe. In the evening, a huge crowd gathered near his hotel — about eight thousand people! Everyone wanted to see the Rebbe, and he went out to their balcony.The Rebbe also met with representatives of the city authorities, visited synagogues and several private homes.💔Goodbye and sad newsThousands of people came to escort the Rebbe to the station. He stood on the foot of the carriage, waved all his hands, gave advice and blessed goodbye.However, on the way back, already on the ship, the Rebbe learned the terrible news: riots and pogroms began in Hebron and Jerusalem. He was so worried about the victims that his kidneys became very sick from the grief. Fortunately, on the same ship sailed a famous doctor from Jerusalem, who helped the Rebbe to recover.🕯️Memoryof the tripThis trip has become legendary. Today, many Chabad schools and camps repeat this route: they visit the same cities to learn in detail how the first historical trip of the Lubavitcher Rebbe to the Holy Land took place.📸Client Name:announcement on behalf of the Chief Rabbinate of Eretz Yisrael calling to meet the Rebbe of Paradise upon his arrival in Jerusalem.Source: Lubavitcher calendar.

Today — 3 Menachem-Ava 5786The eve of Shabbat. Shabbat Chazon. The weekly section of the Torah is "Dvorim".Iom-yomFrom the conversations of my father, the teacher, and the Rebbe [Rashab]:“When the Messiah comes — soon, in our days, amen — then they will yearn for the days of exile (galut). And then it will become bitter in the soul: why didn't we engage in spiritual service (avoda)? Then people will feel great pain because this ministry was lacking.Nowadays, the days of exile are a time of work and spiritual service to prepare for the coming of the Messiah soon, in our days, amen. ”Shabbat, 4 Menachem-Ava 5786Iom-yom"Even with the greatest effort, it is impossible to earn even one cent more than what the Almighty has determined: that such and such a person will earn so much.It is necessary to do everything necessary within the natural order of things, but it should be remembered that all this work is only secondary (tafel), and the blessing of G-d, blessed He, is the main thing (icar).This blessing is bestowed when the Jews are treated as they should be: they pray together with the community — in minyans, they observe the Sabbath (b-hidur) as well as possible, they carefully monitor kosher and teach their sons to be God-fearing teachers (melamed). ”source: Lubavitcher Calendar

3 Av 5408 (July 22, 1648) — yortsayt (anniversary of the departure from this world) as a result of kiddush ha-Shem (martyrdom in the name of the Almighty) Rabbi Shimshon ben Passover from Ostropol.The Jewish chronicler Nathan from Hanover says: "And there was among them (the inhabitants of the Captive) a wise and perceptive man, a divine kabbalist named Samson from Ostropol, to whom a messenger angel appeared every day and taught him secret wisdom... And the messenger angel told Samson long before the catastrophe that the Jews should undertake great repentance in order to mitigate the fatal sentence of heaven. And he preached many times in the synagogue, calling the people to repentance, and indeed there was a great repentance in all the cities, but it was already too late, because the sentence had already been signed." When the Cossacks broke into the city, Rabbi Shimshon, knowing that there was no salvation, gathered the Jews in the synagogue, where they all died, sanctifying His Name.The descendants of Rabbi Shimshon were the famous wit, the "Jewish Khoja Nasreddin", Herschel from Ostropol, as well as Rabbi Yaakov-Yosef ben Zvi ha-Kohen Katz from Polonnoye - the oldest student of the founder of Hasidism, Rabbi Yisrael Baal Shem-Tov.

Shabbat Hazon is the Saturday before the fast of the Ninthof Av. It got its name from the first words of the Sabbath Gaftara — "Hazon Ishayagu", which means "Vision of Ishayagu". This Sabbath always falls on the reading of the weekly section of the Torah "Dvorim".Although these days are considered mournful due to the destruction of the Temple, in Hasidism Shabbat Hazon is revealed as an extremely sublime, bright and joyful day.👁️The main secret of this ShabbatThe great righteous Rabbi Levi-Itzhak from Berdychiv explained that the word "Chazon" alludes to an amazing spiritual event. This Sabbath from above shows the souls of every Jew of the Third Temple.To understand why this is necessary, they give a beautiful parable.Imagine a father who sews beautiful clothes for his son, but the child tears him up due to carelessness. The father sewed the second one, but the son spoiled it again. Then the father prepared the third — the best clothes, but did not give it to his son immediately. Instead, he only occasionally shows it to his child in order to awaken in her a caring attitude and an ardent desire to improve, become obedient and finally receive this priceless gift.The first and second garments are the destroyed First and Second Temples. The third garment is the future Third Temple, which will stand forever. On Shabbat, Hazon G-d shows it to our souls to kindle in our hearts a sincere desire for goodness, spiritual growth, and long-awaited Deliverance.This vision is given to every Jew — even one who is far from the faith. It imperceptibly changes a person for the better. And to feel it more strongly, on this day it is especially useful to study the laws related to the arrangement of the Temple.🍷Special customs of this dayOn Shabbat, it is strictly forbidden to grieve and to stick to the grievance. The Lubavitcher Rebbe stressed that this Sabbath should be enjoyed, eaten and drunk even more deliciously than on other Saturdays of the year in order to testify our trust in the Almighty and avoid even the slightest hint of sadness.In Chabad, this Sabbath is prayed in the usual joyful mood, without turning to sad humming, as is customary in some other communities.These days, it is customary to study the laws of the construction of the Temple and to conduct festive completions of the study of the Talmud treatises — siyum, which brings additional joy.After the end of Shabbat, when Gavdala is performed, wine or grape juice from a glass is customary to give a drink to a small child who already understands the meaning of blessings, but is still too small to grieve over the destruction of the Temple.👑Stories and events of different years in the RebbeIn 1956, after the terrible tragedy at the Kfar Chabad school, the Rebbe sent a group of his envoys to Israel to support the people and strengthen their spirit. Their first Sabbath in the Holy Land fell on Shabbat Chazon.Many guests gathered in Kfar Chabad, and there was such an extraordinary exaltation in the air that one of the visitors, who did not belong to the Hasidim, was surprised to say: the joy of the Hasidim on Shabbat Hazon is stronger than on Simhat Torah.In 1970, at the height of the War of Attrition, the Rebbe instructed the Hasidim to go to all military positions — from the Suez Canal to the Golan Heights. They had to give the soldiers a blessing from the Rebbe, raise the "lechaim" for them and invite them to impose tefillin.In 1986, this Shabbat, the Rebbe proclaimed an extremely important rule: every person should choose a personal spiritual mentor — a mashpiya, to whom you can always turn for advice and support.In 1991, the fast of the Ninthof Av fell on Shabbat, so it was postponed to Sunday. The Rebbe devoted his conversations to the fact that the very fact of postponing the fast proves that we have the power to cancel it forever with the arrival of the Messiah.The mood was so festive and exalted that the Hasidim believed until the last moment that fasting would not begin at all, because the Temple would be rebuilt on that very day.📖Lubavitcher calendar()