📌EVE OF YOM KIPURA: MALKOYS
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Перед денною молитвою напередодні свята ( 20.09.2026/ 9 тішрея) напередодні свята прийнято приймати на себе 39 ударів (малкойс), що спонукають до каяття. Той, хто приймає удари, підперезується поясом (гартл) і нахиляється (або стає на коліна), звертаючись обличчям на північ. Той, хто б'є, бере в руки ремінець тфілін і легенько (прихильників маркіза де Сада просять не турбуватися) б'є по підставленій спині: по правому плечу, лівому плечу і по нижній частині спини, повторюючи це 13 разів. Під час кожного удару і той, хто б'є, і той, хто приймає, кажуть: «І він Милосердний пробачить злодіяння і не погубить того, хто згрішив, як не раз вже відвертав гнів Свій від грішника, і не обрушить на нього всю свою лють» (Ве-Ѓу Рахум йехапер овон вело яшхіт веѓірба леѓашив апо вело йор коль хамото). Цю фразу, в якій 13 івритських слів, повторюють три рази.*EVE OF YOM KIPURA: LEUKACHOn the eve of Yom Kippur, it is customary to ask friends or family members for watering cans (honey pie), and then eat it, wishing each other "Lesha goods u-metuka!" ("Good and sweet year!").The meaning of this tradition is in a symbolic wish: if we have to reach out for alms next year, then let not strangers help us, but loved ones (so that we do not have to be ashamed), and if we have to ask, then let it be watering cans, that is, not a piece of bread necessary for survival, but a honey pie is clearly not an essential thing.In Hasidic communities, there is a tradition to ask the rabbi of the community for watering cans. In Odessa, it will be possible to ask for (and receive!) a piece of watering cans on October 1 after the end of the morning prayer at Rabbi Avraham Wolf.*DAY BEFORE YOM KIPURA: LEBEDIKE LIHTEach married man must bring a candle to the synagogue that burns for 24 hours (such a candle can be purchased at the synagogue Jewish goods store). This candle is called “swan lantern” (“candle of life”). It is not customary to light it yourself — you need to give it to the synagogue staff so that they light it. In addition, anyone who reads Izkoir should light a memorial candle at home.*DAY BEFORE YOM KIPURA: SEUDA MAFSEKETThe purpose of fasting on Yom Kippur is not the desire to starve a person, but the intention not to distract him from thoughts of repentance, so it is recommended to eat well before Yom Kippur. To this end, after the afternoon prayer, the "Minha" arrange a festive and very abundant meal (it is said that the one who had eaten well on the eve of Yom Kippur, as if he had spent Yom Kippur twice, because a full stomach does not distract the owner from thinking about the main thing).А ближче до вечора влаштовують роздільну трапезу (сеуда мафсекет), тобто трапезу, що відокремлює звичайний день від посту. Ця трапеза повинна складатися тільки з легких, добре перетравлюваних страв. У неї не включають рибу, часник, гострі і солоні страви, алкоголь і м'ясо (саме шматкове м'ясо, тому що є традиція в цій трапезі їсти «креплах» — щось на зразок пельменів з меленим курячим м'ясом; символічна страва, де «біле закриває червоне» (тобто тісто прикриває м'ясо. Біле символізує «хесед», милосердя, а «червоне» — «дін», справедливий суд. Відповідно, креплах символізує нашу надію на те, що милосердя все-таки візьме гору, і ми отримаємо не по заслугах, а з жалю…)).And just before fasting, it is recommended to drink 1-2 liters (5-6 cups) of hot and very sweet tea — in order to increase blood sugar levels. Fasting will then be easily tolerated, as is the case in many Jewish families in which fasting is a long-standing tradition.After this meal, parents bless their children with the following words: "May God honor you to become like Ephraim and Menashe" (boys) or "... like Sarah, Rivka, Rachel and Leah" (girls).*DAY BEFORE YOM KIPURA: BIRKAT A-BANIMIn some communities, "birkat Ha-banim" — the blessing of children is carried out before each Sabbath. But in the communities of Chabad, it is customary to do this only on the eve of Yom Kippur, immediately after the separate meal "seuda mafseket". The father puts both hands on the child's head and saysson: Yesimho E-loy-him ke-Efraim vehi-Menashe! (“ May God honor you to be like Ephraim and Menashe.”)daughter: Yesimeh E-loi-Gim ke-Soro, Rivka, Rohel ve-Leya! (“May God honor you to become like Sarah, Rivka, Rachel, and Leia.”)Потім вимовляється текст благословення коѓена: «Вайдабер А-дой-ной ель Мойше леймойр. Дабейр ель Аѓаройн веель бонов леймойр, кой севораху ес бнэй Ісроэл, омойр лоѓэм: «Йеворехэхо А-дой-ной вейішмерехо. Йоейр А-дой-ной понов ейлехо віхунеко. Ісо А-дой-ной понов ейлехо вейосейм лехо шолом. Весому ес шмі аль бней Ісроел ваані аворахем» («І Г-сподь сказав Моше наступне: «Скажи Аѓарону і дітям його: «Так благословляйте синів Ізраїля, кажіть їм: «Благословить тебе Г-сподь і охороняє тебе. І буде прихильний до тебе Г-сподь і помилує тебе. Буде прихильний до тебе Г-сподь і пошле тобі мир». І благословлять вони ім'ям моїм синів Ізраїля, а Я благословлю їх!»).After that, you can add good wishes from yourself to the child.*BLESSING WHEN LIGHTING CANDLES ON YOM KIPPUR1. Borukh Ato A-doynoy, E-loy-Yey-nu, Melekh Go-Oilom, usher of kideshon, bemitsvoys vetsivonu Lehadlik neur shel Yoim-Ya-Kippurim! (Blessed are you, Lord our God, King of the Universe, who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to light a candle in honor of the Sabbath and Yom Kippur!)2. Borukh Ato A-doynoy, E-loy-Hey-nu, Melekh Ho-Oilom, Shekekheyon, Vekimon Vegygion Lizman Ghaze! (Blessed are you, Lord our God, King of the Universe, who has given us life and sustained it in us, and made it possible for us to live to this time!)Yom KippurЗазвичай слово «Йом Кіпур» перекладають як «Судний день», (наприклад «Війна Судного дня»), але як ми з вами вже з'ясували, Судним є зовсім інший день, точніше дні. Всевишній судить цей світ 1 і 2 тишрея в дні Рош ѓа-Шана, а потім, оскільки, якщо судити по справедливості, то для кожного з нас вирок виявиться несумісним з життям, нам дається час на виправлення. Протягом цих днів покаяння (ті самі «Грізні дні» або «Дні трепету») ми намагаємося все-таки пробудити милосердя Всевишнього і благаємо його дарувати нам життя. І, судячи з демографічних зведень (заторів і громадського транспорту в години «пік»), нам поки це вдається. Так що Йом Кіпур це не «Судний день», а скоріше «День розгляду Вищим судом касаційної скарги». Або, якщо хочете, можна перекладати цю назву як «День Спокути».By the way, since on this day the verdict is approved, the good wishes for the next year look a little different: "Gmar hatima tova!" (literally it translates as "Good final seal!", Which means it is about the following: "Let the final version of the verdict (good sentence) that will be pronounced to you be sealed (as a sign of confirmation that the decision is unchanged)". As you can see, Hebrew is not much shorter. Therefore, Hebrew can be learned at least for this...)Another name for the holiday is “Shabbat Shabbaton”, “Saturday Sabbath”, because this day abolishes even the Sabbath rules (for example, they do not fast on Saturday, with the exception of Yom Kippur).In addition to the usual Saturday prohibitions, such as prohibitions on work, switching on and off fire and light, using money, etc., there are five additional prohibitions for the time of Yom Kippur:• Food and drink• for washing (even with cold water. Only after using the toilet, wash your fingertips);• the use of perfumes;• intimacy;• to wear leather shoes. They wear shoes made of rubber, plastic or fabric. A leather substitute is also suitable, but it is desirable that the non-leather origin is noticeable, so rag shoes are better.Another fiveassociated with this holiday are the five prayers of this day: Maariv (evening; beginning of the holiday), Shaharit (morning), Musaf (additional morning), Minha (afternoon) and Neila (evening; closing of this day).On Yom Kippur, it is customary to wear white robes similar to those worn by angels who serve the Almighty. Most often, a white robe-kit is worn over the clothes.Another thing to remember: on this day, sins are forgiven only in relation to G-d. Only they can forgive the sins committed against people.And the last note: the Almighty releases a ten-day period for correction only for Jews (He has special accounts with us). Other nations are given three weeks to reform, until the day of Hoshan the slave (21 Tishrei).*THE FIRST REMOVAL OF THE SWEATER OF TORAH AND "MAFTIR JONAH"For the first time, the Torah scroll is taken out during the evening prayer "Maariv" (this year — October 1). During the morning prayer "Shaharit" seven people are summoned to read the Torah, and during the day — three, the last of whom reads the entire book of Jonah (Maftir Jonah).Traditionally, it is believed (and confirmed in practice) that the first removal of the scroll and the call to read Yona's maftir have a beneficial effect on the health of the whole family and financial well-being, so a tender is held for the right to take out the scroll or participate in the reading of the maftir. This honor is awarded to people who have paid (that is, donated to the charitable needs of the community) the maximum amount.* IZKOR PRAYERIzkor is a memorial prayer that is recited four times a year: on the last day of Passover, in Shvues (outside Eretz Yisrael, that is, in our country — on the second day of the holiday), on Yom Kippur and in Shmini Atzeret.Izkor is a special prayer in which he asks the Almighty to give the soul of the deceased peace, Divine light and a place among the souls of the righteous, and also proclaims his intention to make a sacrifice in memoryof the soul of the deceased.Izkoir's words containing the promise of charity should be taken absolutely seriously: the promise must be fulfilled after the holiday (because on the holiday, according to Jewish Law, you cannot pay money). If the person is not going to donate, it is better to refrain from the promise; in this case, you should not say the phrase where the donation is concerned.According to the custom of most communities, those who have both parents alive leave the synagogue hall while reading Izkoir. Izkoir mentions the Jewish nameof the deceased and the Jewish name of his mother, if, of course, it is known. If it is unknown or if the deceased did not have a Jewish name, he is remembered by the name that was usually called during his lifetime. The text of Izkoir is given in the prayer book (mahzor) on Yom Kippur, which can be taken in the synagogue.*MEAL AFTER YOM KIPURAThere is a tradition after the end of Yom Kippur to arrange a festive meal, during which they eat crepe and dip bread in honey. Tradition says that participation in such a meal has a beneficial effect on the financial affairs of the participantsource: chabad.odessa